The Ultimate Tourist's Guide to Shinkansen Bullet Trains

Experience the world’s most efficient high-speed rail system — the iconic Shinkansen. From breathtaking speeds to seamless travel between Japan’s top destinations, discover everything you need to know about riding the legendary bullet train for a smooth, comfortable, and unforgettable journey.
Last updated: 02.07.2025

The Shinkansen, also known as the bullet train, is one of Japan’s most iconic and efficient transportation systems. It connects major cities across the country in record time, offering travelers comfort, punctuality, and a uniquely Japanese experience.

Whether you’re planning to visit Tokyo, Kyoto, Osaka, Hiroshima, or beyond, the Shinkansen is often the most convenient and enjoyable way to travel.

What is the Shinkansen?

The Shinkansen is Japan’s high-speed rail network, operated primarily by JR (Japan Railways) Group companies. Known worldwide for its cutting-edge technology and punctuality, it debuted in 1964 just before the Tokyo Olympics and revolutionized rail travel. The goal was to link Japan’s major regions more efficiently, and the system has since expanded to cover much of the country.

Modern Shinkansen trains reach top speeds that rival airplanes in overall travel time—especially when you factor in the long security lines, boarding procedures, and transit times associated with air travel. Most bullet trains offer a fast and seamless alternative for getting between major cities. Yet what’s truly remarkable is that, despite this incredible speed, the ride remains exceptionally smooth and quiet. You can easily sip a cup of tea, work on your laptop, or simply enjoy the passing scenery without any sense of turbulence.

How Fast Do Shinkansen Go?

The average Shinkansen bullet train speed varies depending on the train model and the specific route, but even the slowest of these trains are impressively fast by global standards. Some of the fastest currently in operation—such as the sleek N700S series running on the Tokaido Shinkansen—reach top speeds of up to 320 km/h (199 mph). This enables passengers to travel from Tokyo to Osaka, a journey of over 500 kilometers (310 miles), in just 2.5 hours—faster than flying when you include airport check-ins and transfers.

And Japan isn’t stopping there. The country is pioneering next-generation maglev technology, with the Chuo Shinkansen project already in development. Once operational, this magnetic levitation train will connect Tokyo and Nagoya in just 40 minutes, reaching mind-blowing speeds of over 500 km/h (311 mph)—making it the fastest commercial train in the world.

Shinkansen Routes Across Japan

Which Shinkansen Should You Choose? Each line has its own appeal, so your choice depends on where you’re going and what you’d like to see. The Tokaido and Sanyo lines are the most commonly used, especially for classic city-to-city travel between Tokyo, Kyoto, Osaka, and Hiroshima. For a deeper dive into Japan’s countryside or cultural heartlands, the Tohoku, Hokuriku, or Kyushu lines offer truly rewarding journeys.

Japan’s Shinkansen network spans the country from the southern tip of Kyushu to the northern edge of Hokkaido, connecting both major cities and remote regions with precision and speed. Depending on where you’re headed, different lines offer varying levels of frequency, scenery, and destination access. Below is an overview of the main Shinkansen routes:

Tokaido Shinkansen

Connecting Tokyo, Nagoya, Kyoto, and Osaka, this is the oldest and busiest bullet train line in Japan. It’s the go-to route for most first-time travelers as it links the country’s largest metro areas and iconic tourist cities. The Tokaido Shinkansen features the fastest trains like the Nozomi, which complete the Tokyo–Osaka route in under 2.5 hours.
Sanyo Shinkansen

Starting in Osaka and stretching west to Hiroshima and Fukuoka, the Sanyo Shinkansen is perfect for those exploring western Japan. This line seamlessly continues from the Tokaido line and features scenic coastal stretches, historical destinations, and modern cities. It’s an excellent choice for those heading toward Kyushu.
Tohoku Shinkansen

Running north from Tokyo through Sendai and up to Aomori, this line serves the Tohoku region, known for its mountains, onsen (hot springs), and natural beauty. It also connects to regional lines that lead to lesser-known rural towns, ideal for travelers seeking quieter, off-the-beaten-path experiences.
Hokkaido Shinkansen

This is an extension of the Tohoku line and currently connects Aomori on Honshu island with Hakodate in southern Hokkaido via the Seikan Tunnel. Eventually, it will extend all the way to Sapporo. It’s the best option for reaching Japan’s northern frontier, known for snowy winters and rich seafood.
Kyushu Shinkansen

This line covers the southern island of Kyushu, running from Fukuoka (Hakata Station) to Kagoshima. It features dramatic volcano views and access to hot spring towns like Beppu and Kumamoto. It’s a great choice for travelers interested in a mix of modern cities and natural escapes.
Joetsu and Hokuriku Shinkansen

These two lines branch from Tokyo into central Japan. The Joetsu Shinkansen connects Tokyo with Niigata, while the Hokuriku Shinkansen extends to Kanazawa, and will soon reach Tsuruga. These routes are excellent for travelers seeking coastal scenery, traditional crafts, and cultural heritage.

Classes and Onboard Amenities

When traveling by Shinkansen, passengers can choose from three distinct seating classes, each offering varying levels of comfort and service to suit different travel styles and budgets.

Ordinary Class is the standard option and the most commonly used by both locals and tourists. Despite being the base class, seats are spacious, well-padded, and offer ample legroom. You can choose between reserved and non-reserved seating, though reserving a seat is recommended during busy seasons or holidays.

Green Car is Japan’s equivalent of first class. These cars offer wider reclining seats, more personal space, footrests, and a generally quieter cabin environment. For longer journeys or travelers seeking added comfort and serenity, Green Car is a worthwhile upgrade.

Gran Class is available only on select Shinkansen routes and represents the highest level of luxury onboard. With even more generous seating that resembles business-class airline seats, passengers also enjoy personal cabin attendants, complimentary gourmet bento meals, beverages, and a more exclusive atmosphere. It’s a premium experience designed for those who want the utmost in comfort.

Even in Ordinary Class, the Shinkansen provides a calm, punctual, and high-quality travel experience. But if you’re planning a longer ride—say from Tokyo to Hiroshima—upgrading to Green Car or Gran Class can significantly enhance the journey.

Shinkansen trains are well equipped with amenities to make the ride smooth and enjoyable:

Free Wi-Fi is available on most modern trains, especially on main lines like Tokaido and Sanyo.
Power outlets are commonly found at each seat, particularly in newer or refurbished trains.
Clean restrooms are available in every car, maintained regularly during the trip.
Vending machines or snack carts may be available depending on the line, offering drinks, snacks, and traditional bento lunch boxes.
Quiet cabins are standard, as phone calls and loud conversations are discouraged to ensure a peaceful environment.

How Does the Shinkansen Work?

The Shinkansen train operates on its own network of dedicated high-speed rail tracks, completely separate from conventional train lines. This allows it to maintain high speeds safely and without interference from local or freight traffic. Powered by an overhead electric system, the Shinkansen uses sleek, aerodynamic train designs that reduce air resistance and tunnel boom—helping maintain a quiet and efficient ride even at extreme speeds.

The system is equipped with advanced braking technology and earthquake detection systems, which can automatically stop the train within seconds in the event of seismic activity. Every journey is conducted with remarkable precision, which is why the Shinkansen is famous for its almost flawless punctuality. Adding to the experience, between each ride, a specialized cleaning crew refreshes the entire train in under seven minutes, ensuring both hygiene and operational efficiency at a world-class standard.

Is It Necessary to Book Shinkansen in Advance?

While it’s not always required, booking your Shinkansen ticket in advance is highly recommended—especially if you’re traveling during Japan’s peak seasons, such as Golden Week (late April to early May), Obon (mid-August), or the New Year holidays.

Reserving a seat in advance guarantees you a spot on the train, allowing for a stress-free boarding experience and the chance to choose your preferred seating location. Most Shinkansen trains have both reserved and non-reserved cars—with the first 1–3 cars typically designated as non-reserved. While non-reserved seats offer flexibility and don’t require a booking, availability is not guaranteed, and you might have to stand if the train is full.

You can book online, at ticket machines, or in-person at any JR station. If you’re traveling internationally, it’s easiest to book your Shinkansen ticket online with Rail Ninja or High Speed Trains before your trip.

Practical Tips for Boarding & Luggage

How early should I arrive for the Shinkansen train?
Unlike flights, boarding a Shinkansen is fast and efficient, but it’s still important to arrive at the station at least 15–20 minutes in advance. This gives you enough time to navigate the station, locate your platform, find your reserved car number, and prepare to board calmly—especially since Shinkansen trains stop for just 1–2 minutes before departing. If you’re traveling with large luggage, be aware that bags exceeding 160 cm in combined dimensions (length + width + height) must be booked in advance into designated oversized luggage spaces in specific train cars. Smaller suitcases, backpacks, and carry-on items fit easily in the overhead racks or at your feet. Planning ahead ensures a stress-free boarding experience.

Boarding & Platform Etiquette

Before boarding, passengers are expected to:

Stand in line at the designated markings on the platform, which align with the doors of each train car. Lines are clearly numbered and sometimes color-coded, making it easy to find where your car will stop.
Allow all disembarking passengers to exit first before stepping aboard. This prevents crowding and ensures a smooth, efficient boarding process.
Use the exact car and seat listed on your ticket, especially if you’ve reserved a seat. Car numbers are displayed both on the platform and on the side of the train.
Keep noise levels low while waiting and boarding. If you need to take a phone call or have a conversation, do so quietly or step into the vestibule area between cars, where phone use is permitted.

By observing these etiquettes, you’ll blend in with local commuters and help maintain the peaceful, timely nature of the Shinkansen experience.

Onboard Manners

Shinkansen trains are designed for quiet, comfortable travel. To maintain this peaceful atmosphere, it’s important to follow a few basic courtesy rules while onboard.

Speak in low voices and avoid loud conversations.
Refrain from eating strong-smelling foods out of respect for fellow passengers.
Keep your belongings tidy—don’t take up extra seats or block walkways with bags.
Dispose of your trash or take it with you when you leave the train.

The Shinkansen isn’t just a train—it’s an experience that embodies the spirit of modern Japan: efficient, precise, and innovative. With its seamless service, impressive speed, and thoughtful design, it’s no wonder the bullet train remains one of the most admired rail systems in the world. Whether you’re traveling to ancient Kyoto, bustling Tokyo, or the snowy landscapes of Hokkaido, the journey itself becomes part of the adventure. Riding the Shinkansen offers not only convenience, but also a glimpse into Japan’s unique blend of tradition and forward-thinking technology—making it a must-try for any visitor.